Bridging the Gap Between Desired and Actual Fertility

Low fertility rates result from individuals having fewer or no children, either by choice or due to external circumstances. When individuals choose not to have children, simply urging them is unlikely to be effective. However, evidence from Singapore and other communities suggests that many still aspire to have two children but often fall short of this goal. When economic or social circumstances hinder people from achieving their desired family size, shifting the focus from promoting pronatalism to creating a supportive environment may prove more helpful.

Governments have started to move in this direction by implementing policies aimed at fostering a more conducive environment for families. Initiatives like elective egg freezing and support for assisted reproductive technologies (ARTs) acknowledge the evolving dynamics of family planning, such as the trend of delaying parenthood to pursue education, establish careers, or find suitable partners.

These policies could be even more effective if governments adopted a person-centred approach. Such an approach would provide individuals with information for making informed decisions and support them through long-term policies that encompass childbearing and child-raising. For instance, despite the availability and use of ARTs, success is not guaranteed, and many women over 35 who desire children may face challenges. Therefore, as an initial step, it is crucial to educate young adults—not just those in their 30s—about the limitations of reproductive technology and the risks associated with late childbearing. Educating younger individuals will empower them with knowledge and the opportunity to plan ahead, enabling them to make informed decisions about family planning earlier in life.

Given the current state of low fertility rates, it is important to acknowledge this reality and create a supportive environment that empowers individuals to plan for the possibility of having children on their own terms.